Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

EAS mechanism, halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Crafts, directing effects, and multi-step synthesis

Written and reviewed by the Study Mondo Education TeamLast updated May 5, 2026

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⚡ Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Master the EAS mechanism (arenium ion intermediate), halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Crafts alkylation/acylation, activating/deactivating groups, ortho/para vs meta directors, and multi-step synthesis.

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⚠️ Common Mistakes: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

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🌍 Real-World Applications: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

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📝 Worked Example: Stoichiometry — Limiting Reagent

Problem:

$2$ mol of $H_2$ reacts with $1$ mol of $O_2$ . How many grams of water are produced? Which is the limiting reagent? ( $2H_2 + O_2 \to 2H_2O$ )

2Determine the limiting reagent

3Calculate moles of product

4Convert moles to grams

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📌 Related Topics in Conjugation, Pericyclic & Aromatic Chemistry

Conjugated Systems & Dienes Aromatic Compounds & Benzene Pericyclic Reactions & the Diels-Alder Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Phenols & Quinones

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

What is Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution?▾

EAS mechanism, halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Crafts, directing effects, and multi-step synthesis

How can I study Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution effectively?▾

Start by reading the study notes and working through the examples on this page. Then use the flashcards to test your recall. Regular review and active practice are key to retention.

Is this Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution study guide free?▾

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What course covers Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution?▾

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution is part of the Organic Chemistry 2 course on Study Mondo, specifically in the Conjugation, Pericyclic & Aromatic Chemistry section. You can explore the full course for more related topics and practice resources.