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Genetics & Evolution

Mendelian genetics, population genetics, natural selection, speciation, and immunology

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📂 Subtopics in Genetics & Evolution

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1

Mendelian & Non-Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance models, pedigrees, and trait expression

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2

Population Genetics

Hardy-Weinberg and allele frequency dynamics

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3

Natural Selection & Speciation

Evolutionary mechanisms and species divergence

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4

Immunology Basics

Innate/adaptive responses and immune cell functions

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Genetics & Evolution for the MCAT

Mendelian Genetics

  • Segregation: Alleles separate in meiosis
  • Independent Assortment: Genes on different chromosomes sort independently
  • Punnett squares: Aa × Aa → 3:1 phenotype ratio

Non-Mendelian Patterns

  • Incomplete dominance (intermediate phenotype)
  • Codominance (both expressed, e.g., AB blood type)
  • X-linked inheritance (males hemizygous)
  • Polygenic traits (continuous distribution)

Population Genetics

p2+2pq+q2=1(Hardy-Weinberg)p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 \quad \text{(Hardy-Weinberg)}

Conditions for equilibrium: no mutation, no selection, no migration, random mating, large population.

Natural Selection & Speciation

  • Directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection
  • Allopatric (geographic barrier) vs. sympatric speciation

Immune System

  • Innate: Skin, phagocytes, complement, inflammation (fast, nonspecific)
  • Adaptive: B cells (antibodies) + T cells (cell-mediated) — slow, specific, memory
  • MHC I: All nucleated cells → CD8⁺ T cells
  • MHC II: APCs → CD4⁺ helper T cells
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📌 Related Topics in Biological & Biochemical Foundations

Cell BiologyMendelian & Non-Mendelian GeneticsCell Structure & OrganellesBacteriaCardiovascular SystemDNA Replication & Repair

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

What is Genetics & Evolution?▾
Mendelian genetics, population genetics, natural selection, speciation, and immunology
How can I study Genetics & Evolution effectively?▾
Start by reading the study notes and working through the examples on this page. Then use the flashcards to test your recall. Regular review and active practice are key to retention.
Is this Genetics & Evolution study guide free?▾
Yes — all study notes, flashcards, and practice problems for Genetics & Evolution on Study Mondo are free to access. No account is needed.
What course covers Genetics & Evolution?▾
Genetics & Evolution is part of the MCAT Prep course on Study Mondo, specifically in the Biological & Biochemical Foundations section. You can explore the full course for more related topics and practice resources.