Whole Number Operations

Master addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with whole numbers

Whole numbers are the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on. They are the counting numbers plus zero.

The Four Basic Operations

Combining two or more numbers to find their total.

Example: $456 + 789 = 1,245$

Finding the difference between two numbers.

Example: $1,000 - 347 = 653$

Repeated addition or finding the total of equal groups.

Example: $24 \times 15 = 360$

Splitting a number into equal parts.

Example: $144 \div 12 = 12$

Commutative Property (+ and ×): Order doesn't matter
- $5 + 3 = 3 + 5$
- $4 \times 6 = 6 \times 4$
Associative Property (+ and ×): Grouping doesn't matter
- $(2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4)$
Order of Operations: Use PEMDAS when multiple operations appear

Calculate: $278 + 445$

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Solution:

Line up the numbers by place value:

&278 \\ + &445 \\ \hline &723 \end{align}$$ **Answer:** $723$

A store had 1,250 items in stock. They sold 487 items on Monday and 329 items on Tuesday. How many items are left?

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Solution:

First, find total items sold: $487 + 329 = 816$

Then subtract from original stock: $1,250 - 816 = 434$

Answer: 434 items are left in stock

Calculate: $45 \times 23 - 156 \div 12$

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Solution:

Follow order of operations (PEMDAS):

Step 1: Multiply and divide first (left to right) $45 \times 23 = 1,035$ $156 \div 12 = 13$

Step 2: Subtract $1,035 - 13 = 1,022$

Answer: $1,022$

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