Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Meiosis Overview

Part 1 of 7 — Meiosis Overview

1. Meiosis produces gametes (sex cells)
2. Reduces chromosome number by half (2n → n)
3. Two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II
4. Results in 4 haploid daughter cells

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Key Details

• Meiosis produces gametes (sex cells)
• Reduces chromosome number by half (2n → n)
• Two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II
• Results in 4 haploid daughter cells

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Meiosis I

Part 2 of 7 — Meiosis I

1. Homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis)
2. Crossing over occurs during prophase I
3. Homologs align at metaphase plate (random orientation)
4. Homologous pairs separate in anaphase I (reductional division)

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Key Details

• Homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis)
• Crossing over occurs during prophase I
• Homologs align at metaphase plate (random orientation)
• Homologous pairs separate in anaphase I (reductional division)

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Meiosis II

Part 3 of 7 — Meiosis II

1. Similar to mitosis
2. Sister chromatids separate
3. No DNA replication between meiosis I and II
4. Four haploid cells produced

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Key Details

• Similar to mitosis
• Sister chromatids separate
• No DNA replication between meiosis I and II
• Four haploid cells produced

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Crossing Over & Recombination

Part 4 of 7 — Crossing Over & Recombination

1. Nonsister chromatids exchange segments
2. Occurs at chiasmata during prophase I
3. Creates recombinant chromosomes
4. Increases genetic variation in offspring

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Key Details

• Nonsister chromatids exchange segments
• Occurs at chiasmata during prophase I
• Creates recombinant chromosomes
• Increases genetic variation in offspring

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Sources of Genetic Variation

Part 5 of 7 — Sources of Genetic Variation

1. Independent assortment: 2ⁿ possible combinations (n = # of chromosome pairs)
2. Crossing over: creates new allele combinations
3. Random fertilization: any sperm + any egg
4. Humans: 2²³ × 2²³ = ~70 trillion possible combinations (without crossing over)

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Key Details

• Independent assortment: 2ⁿ possible combinations (n = # of chromosome pairs)
• Crossing over: creates new allele combinations
• Random fertilization: any sperm + any egg
• Humans: 2²³ × 2²³ = ~70 trillion possible combinations (without crossing over)

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Meiosis: Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving

1. Chromosome counting through meiosis stages
2. Predicting gamete genotypes
3. Comparing mitosis and meiosis
4. Nondisjunction and its consequences

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Key Details

• Chromosome counting through meiosis stages
• Predicting gamete genotypes
• Comparing mitosis and meiosis
• Nondisjunction and its consequences

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Meiosis: Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Meiosis as the basis for Mendel's laws
2. Connection to evolution (genetic variation)
3. Errors in meiosis: nondisjunction, trisomy
4. AP exam: comparing mitosis and meiosis

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Key Details

• Meiosis as the basis for Mendel's laws
• Connection to evolution (genetic variation)
• Errors in meiosis: nondisjunction, trisomy
• AP exam: comparing mitosis and meiosis

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