## Introduction to Cells

Part 1 of 7 — Introduction to Cells

1. Cell theory: all living things are made of cells
2. Microscopy: light vs. electron microscopes
3. Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells
4. Cell size ranges from 1-100 μm

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### Key Details

• Cell theory: all living things are made of cells
• Microscopy: light vs. electron microscopes
• Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells
• Cell size ranges from 1-100 μm

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## Membrane-Bound Organelles

Part 2 of 7 — Membrane-Bound Organelles

1. Nucleus: contains DNA, double membrane
2. Endoplasmic reticulum: rough (ribosomes) and smooth
3. Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts, ships proteins
4. Lysosomes: digestive enzymes, pH ~5

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### Key Details

• Nucleus: contains DNA, double membrane
• Endoplasmic reticulum: rough (ribosomes) and smooth
• Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts, ships proteins
• Lysosomes: digestive enzymes, pH ~5

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## Endomembrane System

Part 3 of 7 — Endomembrane System

1. ER → Golgi → plasma membrane pathway
2. Vesicle transport between compartments
3. Signal sequences direct protein trafficking
4. Autophagy and cellular recycling

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### Key Details

• ER → Golgi → plasma membrane pathway
• Vesicle transport between compartments
• Signal sequences direct protein trafficking
• Autophagy and cellular recycling

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## Energy Organelles

Part 4 of 7 — Energy Organelles

1. Mitochondria: cellular respiration, double membrane
2. Chloroplasts: photosynthesis, thylakoids + stroma
3. Endosymbiotic theory: evolved from bacteria
4. Both have their own DNA and ribosomes

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### Key Details

• Mitochondria: cellular respiration, double membrane
• Chloroplasts: photosynthesis, thylakoids + stroma
• Endosymbiotic theory: evolved from bacteria
• Both have their own DNA and ribosomes

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## Cytoskeleton & Extracellular Matrix

Part 5 of 7 — Cytoskeleton & Extracellular Matrix

1. Microfilaments (actin): cell movement, 7nm
2. Intermediate filaments: structural support
3. Microtubules (tubulin): cell division, transport, 25nm
4. ECM: collagen, fibronectin, proteoglycans

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### Key Details

• Microfilaments (actin): cell movement, 7nm
• Intermediate filaments: structural support
• Microtubules (tubulin): cell division, transport, 25nm
• ECM: collagen, fibronectin, proteoglycans

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## Cell Structure & Organelles: Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving

1. Identifying organelles by function
2. Predicting effects of organelle dysfunction
3. Comparing plant and animal cells
4. Experimental design with cellular components

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### Key Details

• Identifying organelles by function
• Predicting effects of organelle dysfunction
• Comparing plant and animal cells
• Experimental design with cellular components

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## Cell Structure & Organelles: Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Structure-function relationships in cells
2. Compartmentalization enables specialization
3. Endosymbiotic theory evidence
4. Cell biology connects to all AP Bio units

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### Key Details

• Structure-function relationships in cells
• Compartmentalization enables specialization
• Endosymbiotic theory evidence
• Cell biology connects to all AP Bio units

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