## Membrane Structure

Part 1 of 7 — Membrane Structure

1. Fluid mosaic model
2. Phospholipid bilayer: hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails
3. Membrane proteins: integral and peripheral
4. Cholesterol: maintains fluidity

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### Key Details

• Fluid mosaic model
• Phospholipid bilayer: hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails
• Membrane proteins: integral and peripheral
• Cholesterol: maintains fluidity

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## Passive Transport

Part 2 of 7 — Passive Transport

1. Diffusion: high to low concentration
2. Facilitated diffusion: channel and carrier proteins
3. No ATP required
4. Rate depends on concentration gradient and temperature

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### Key Details

• Diffusion: high to low concentration
• Facilitated diffusion: channel and carrier proteins
• No ATP required
• Rate depends on concentration gradient and temperature

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## Osmosis & Tonicity

Part 3 of 7 — Osmosis & Tonicity

1. Osmosis: water moves across semipermeable membrane
2. Hypotonic: water enters cell (lysis in animal cells)
3. Hypertonic: water leaves cell (crenation/plasmolysis)
4. Isotonic: no net water movement

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### Key Details

• Osmosis: water moves across semipermeable membrane
• Hypotonic: water enters cell (lysis in animal cells)
• Hypertonic: water leaves cell (crenation/plasmolysis)
• Isotonic: no net water movement

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## Active Transport

Part 4 of 7 — Active Transport

1. Requires ATP
2. Sodium-potassium pump: 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
3. Moves against concentration gradient
4. Electrochemical gradient

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### Key Details

• Requires ATP
• Sodium-potassium pump: 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
• Moves against concentration gradient
• Electrochemical gradient

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## Bulk Transport

Part 5 of 7 — Bulk Transport

1. Endocytosis: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated
2. Exocytosis: vesicles fuse with membrane
3. Used for large molecules and particles
4. Requires energy (ATP)

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### Key Details

• Endocytosis: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated
• Exocytosis: vesicles fuse with membrane
• Used for large molecules and particles
• Requires energy (ATP)

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## Membrane Transport: Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving

1. Predicting water movement in different solutions
2. Designing osmosis experiments
3. Calculating water potential
4. Identifying transport mechanisms

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### Key Details

• Predicting water movement in different solutions
• Designing osmosis experiments
• Calculating water potential
• Identifying transport mechanisms

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## Membrane Transport: Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Water potential equation: Ψ = Ψs + Ψp
2. Membrane transport in homeostasis
3. Transport defects cause diseases
4. Free-response practice

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### Key Details

• Water potential equation: Ψ = Ψs + Ψp
• Membrane transport in homeostasis
• Transport defects cause diseases
• Free-response practice

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