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Click any element to view details. Use trend visualization to explore periodic patterns.
Electronegativity
Increases → across a period (more protons pull e⁻ closer)
Decreases ↓ down a group (e⁻ farther from nucleus)
Highest: F (3.98) · Lowest: Cs (0.79)
Ionization Energy
Increases → across a period (higher Z_eff)
Decreases ↓ down a group (e⁻ easier to remove)
Highest: He (2372 kJ/mol) · Lowest: Cs (376 kJ/mol)
Atomic Radius
Decreases → across a period (more protons, same shell)
Increases ↓ down a group (more electron shells)
Largest: Cs (298 pm) · Smallest: He (31 pm)
Electron Affinity
Generally increases → across a period
Generally decreases ↓ down a group
Most negative: Cl (-349 kJ/mol) · Noble gases ≈ 0