AP Precalculus Unit Tests

About the AP Precalculus exam

AP Precalculus is a relatively new College Board course designed to prepare students for calculus and other college-level quantitative work by developing fluency with families of functions. The course is built around four units: polynomial and rational functions; exponential and logarithmic functions; trigonometric and polar functions; and functions involving parameters, vectors, and matrices. Importantly, only the first three units are assessed on the end-of-course exam—Unit 4 is taught but not tested. The central skill the course develops is modeling: students learn to recognize which type of function fits a situation, to analyze functions through their rates of change and key features, and to move fluidly among graphical, numerical, analytical, and verbal representations. A recurring theme is covariation—how output values change as input values change—and students study average rates of change, concavity, and end behavior as precursors to calculus concepts. Trigonometry is treated thoroughly, including the unit circle, transformations of sinusoidal functions, identities, and polar coordinates. Students most often struggle with the demand to justify and interpret rather than merely compute, with the abstraction of function composition and inverses, and with connecting symbolic forms to graphs. Because the exam mixes no-calculator and calculator-required sections, both algebraic fluency and technology skills matter. Effective preparation emphasizes understanding the defining behaviors of each function family—where they increase, decrease, have asymptotes, or repeat—and practicing the verbal interpretation of model behavior. Students who can describe what a function is doing, not just evaluate it, are best positioned to succeed and to transition smoothly into AP Calculus.