Psychological Disorders Overview

🧠 Psychological Disorders Overview

Part 1 of 7 — Defining Disorders

1. Psychological disorder

dysfunctional, distressing, deviant, dangerous (4 D's)

2. Medical model

disorders are illnesses with biological causes

3. Biopsychosocial model

biological + psychological + social factors

4. Stigma

negative attitudes toward people with mental illness

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### Key Points

• Psychological disorder: dysfunctional, distressing, deviant, dangerous (4 D's)
• Medical model: disorders are illnesses with biological causes
• Biopsychosocial model: biological + psychological + social factors
• Stigma: negative attitudes toward people with mental illness

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## Classification (DSM-5)

Part 2 of 7 — Classification (DSM-5)

1. DSM-5

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

2. Provides diagnostic criteria for each disorder

Provides diagnostic criteria for each disorder

3. Categorical system

you either have the disorder or don't

4. Criticisms

labeling effects, cultural bias, comorbidity

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### Key Points

• DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
• Provides diagnostic criteria for each disorder
• Categorical system: you either have the disorder or don't
• Criticisms: labeling effects, cultural bias, comorbidity

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## Perspectives on Disorders

Part 3 of 7 — Perspectives on Disorders

1. Biological

genetics, neurotransmitters, brain structure

2. Psychological

learning, cognition, personality

3. Sociocultural

culture, poverty, discrimination

4. Diathesis-stress model

vulnerability + stress → disorder

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### Key Points

• Biological: genetics, neurotransmitters, brain structure
• Psychological: learning, cognition, personality
• Sociocultural: culture, poverty, discrimination
• Diathesis-stress model: vulnerability + stress → disorder

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## Anxiety Disorders

Part 4 of 7 — Anxiety Disorders

1. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

chronic, excessive worry

2. Panic disorder

sudden, intense fear attacks

3. Phobias

intense, irrational fears of specific objects/situations

4. Social anxiety disorder

fear of social situations and judgment

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### Key Points

• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): chronic, excessive worry
• Panic disorder: sudden, intense fear attacks
• Phobias: intense, irrational fears of specific objects/situations
• Social anxiety disorder: fear of social situations and judgment

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## OCD & PTSD

Part 5 of 7 — OCD & PTSD

1. OCD

obsessions (unwanted thoughts) + compulsions (repetitive behaviors)

2. PTSD

flashbacks, nightmares, hypervigilance after trauma

3. Both involve anxiety but classified separately in DSM-5

Both involve anxiety but classified separately in DSM-5

4. Treatment

CBT, exposure therapy, SSRIs

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### Key Points

• OCD: obsessions (unwanted thoughts) + compulsions (repetitive behaviors)
• PTSD: flashbacks, nightmares, hypervigilance after trauma
• Both involve anxiety but classified separately in DSM-5
• Treatment: CBT, exposure therapy, SSRIs

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## Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving Workshop

1. Identifying disorders from case descriptions

Identifying disorders from case descriptions

2. Distinguishing normal anxiety from disorders

Distinguishing normal anxiety from disorders

3. Applying the biopsychosocial model

Applying the biopsychosocial model

4. Evaluating diagnostic approaches

Evaluating diagnostic approaches

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### Key Points

• Identifying disorders from case descriptions
• Distinguishing normal anxiety from disorders
• Applying the biopsychosocial model
• Evaluating diagnostic approaches

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## Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Disorders exist on a continuum

Disorders exist on a continuum

2. Multiple factors contribute to disorders

Multiple factors contribute to disorders

3. Diagnosis requires clinical judgment

Diagnosis requires clinical judgment

4. AP exam

disorder identification

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### Key Points

• Disorders exist on a continuum
• Multiple factors contribute to disorders
• Diagnosis requires clinical judgment
• AP exam: disorder identification

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