Prenatal & Childhood Development

🧠 Prenatal & Childhood Development

Part 1 of 7 — Prenatal Development

1. Germinal stage (0-2 weeks)

zygote implants

2. Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks)

major organs form

3. Fetal stage (8 weeks-birth)

growth and maturation

4. Teratogens

harmful agents (alcohol → FAS, drugs, infections)

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Germinal stage (0-2 weeks): zygote implants
• Embryonic stage (2-8 weeks): major organs form
• Fetal stage (8 weeks-birth): growth and maturation
• Teratogens: harmful agents (alcohol → FAS, drugs, infections)

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## Infant Development

Part 2 of 7 — Infant Development

1. Reflexes

rooting, sucking, grasping, Moro

2. Motor development

head-to-toe (cephalocaudal), center-out (proximodistal)

3. Temperament

easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up

4. Habituation

decreased response to repeated stimuli

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Reflexes: rooting, sucking, grasping, Moro
• Motor development: head-to-toe (cephalocaudal), center-out (proximodistal)
• Temperament: easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up
• Habituation: decreased response to repeated stimuli

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## Cognitive Development (Piaget)

Part 3 of 7 — Cognitive Development (Piaget)

1. Sensorimotor (0-2)

object permanence

2. Preoperational (2-7)

egocentrism, symbolic thinking

3. Concrete operational (7-11)

conservation, logical thought

4. Formal operational (11+)

abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Sensorimotor (0-2): object permanence
• Preoperational (2-7): egocentrism, symbolic thinking
• Concrete operational (7-11): conservation, logical thought
• Formal operational (11+): abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning

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## Social & Emotional Development

Part 4 of 7 — Social & Emotional Development

1. Attachment theory (Bowlby)

innate need for attachment

2. Ainsworth's Strange Situation

secure, avoidant, anxious-ambivalent

3. Harlow's monkeys

contact comfort > food

4. Erikson's stages

trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame, initiative vs guilt

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Attachment theory (Bowlby): innate need for attachment
• Ainsworth's Strange Situation: secure, avoidant, anxious-ambivalent
• Harlow's monkeys: contact comfort > food
• Erikson's stages: trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame, initiative vs guilt

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## Parenting Styles

Part 5 of 7 — Parenting Styles

1. Authoritative

high warmth, high control (best outcomes)

2. Authoritarian

low warmth, high control

3. Permissive

high warmth, low control

4. Uninvolved

low warmth, low control (worst outcomes)

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Authoritative: high warmth, high control (best outcomes)
• Authoritarian: low warmth, high control
• Permissive: high warmth, low control
• Uninvolved: low warmth, low control (worst outcomes)

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## Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving Workshop

1. Identifying Piaget's stages from child behavior

Identifying Piaget's stages from child behavior

2. Classifying attachment styles

Classifying attachment styles

3. Analyzing parenting scenarios

Analyzing parenting scenarios

4. Evaluating developmental milestones

Evaluating developmental milestones

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Identifying Piaget's stages from child behavior
• Classifying attachment styles
• Analyzing parenting scenarios
• Evaluating developmental milestones

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## Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Development is continuous AND stage-like

Development is continuous AND stage-like

2. Nature and nurture both contribute

Nature and nurture both contribute

3. Early experiences shape development

Early experiences shape development

4. AP exam

Piaget and Erikson questions

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Development is continuous AND stage-like
• Nature and nurture both contribute
• Early experiences shape development
• AP exam: Piaget and Erikson questions

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