Personality Theories

🧠 Personality Theories

Part 1 of 7 — Psychodynamic Perspective

1. Freud

id (pleasure), ego (reality), superego (morality)

2. Defense mechanisms

repression, projection, rationalization, displacement

3. Psychosexual stages

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

4. Unconscious mind influences behavior

Unconscious mind influences behavior

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### Key Points

• Freud: id (pleasure), ego (reality), superego (morality)
• Defense mechanisms: repression, projection, rationalization, displacement
• Psychosexual stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
• Unconscious mind influences behavior

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## Humanistic Perspective

Part 2 of 7 — Humanistic Perspective

1. Rogers

self-concept, unconditional positive regard

2. Maslow

self-actualization

3. Emphasis on free will and personal growth

Emphasis on free will and personal growth

4. Criticism

too optimistic, hard to test scientifically

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### Key Points

• Rogers: self-concept, unconditional positive regard
• Maslow: self-actualization
• Emphasis on free will and personal growth
• Criticism: too optimistic, hard to test scientifically

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## Trait Theories

Part 3 of 7 — Trait Theories

1. Big Five (OCEAN)

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

2. Traits are relatively stable across time and situations

Traits are relatively stable across time and situations

3. Eysenck

extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability

4. Factor analysis

statistical method for identifying traits

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Big Five (OCEAN): Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
• Traits are relatively stable across time and situations
• Eysenck: extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability
• Factor analysis: statistical method for identifying traits

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## Social-Cognitive Perspective

Part 4 of 7 — Social-Cognitive Perspective

1. Bandura

reciprocal determinism (behavior ↔ person ↔ environment)

2. Self-efficacy

belief in one's ability to succeed

3. Locus of control (Rotter)

internal vs external

4. Person-situation debate

behavior varies by situation

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Bandura: reciprocal determinism (behavior ↔ person ↔ environment)
• Self-efficacy: belief in one's ability to succeed
• Locus of control (Rotter): internal vs external
• Person-situation debate: behavior varies by situation

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## Personality Assessment

Part 5 of 7 — Personality Assessment

1. Projective tests

Rorschach inkblot, TAT (reveal unconscious)

2. Self-report inventories

MMPI, Big Five questionnaire (objective)

3. Projective tests

low reliability and validity

4. Self-report

vulnerable to social desirability bias

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Projective tests: Rorschach inkblot, TAT (reveal unconscious)
• Self-report inventories: MMPI, Big Five questionnaire (objective)
• Projective tests: low reliability and validity
• Self-report: vulnerable to social desirability bias

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## Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving Workshop

1. Comparing personality perspectives

Comparing personality perspectives

2. Identifying defense mechanisms in scenarios

Identifying defense mechanisms in scenarios

3. Evaluating personality assessments

Evaluating personality assessments

4. Applying social-cognitive theory

Applying social-cognitive theory

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### Key Points

• Comparing personality perspectives
• Identifying defense mechanisms in scenarios
• Evaluating personality assessments
• Applying social-cognitive theory

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## Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Multiple perspectives offer different insights

Multiple perspectives offer different insights

2. Personality is shaped by biology, cognition, and environment

Personality is shaped by biology, cognition, and environment

3. Assessment methods have strengths and limitations

Assessment methods have strengths and limitations

4. AP exam

personality theory comparisons

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Multiple perspectives offer different insights
• Personality is shaped by biology, cognition, and environment
• Assessment methods have strengths and limitations
• AP exam: personality theory comparisons

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