Operant Conditioning

🧠 Operant Conditioning

Part 1 of 7 — Thorndike & Skinner

1. Thorndike's Law of Effect

rewarded behaviors are repeated

2. B.F. Skinner

operant conditioning chamber (Skinner box)

3. Operant conditioning

learning through consequences

4. Behavior followed by reinforcement increases; by punishment decreases

Behavior followed by reinforcement increases; by punishment decreases

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### Key Points

• Thorndike's Law of Effect: rewarded behaviors are repeated
• B.F. Skinner: operant conditioning chamber (Skinner box)
• Operant conditioning: learning through consequences
• Behavior followed by reinforcement increases; by punishment decreases

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## Reinforcement Types

Part 2 of 7 — Reinforcement Types

1. Positive reinforcement

adding pleasant stimulus (+R)

2. Negative reinforcement

removing aversive stimulus (-R)

3. Both reinforcement types INCREASE behavior

Both reinforcement types INCREASE behavior

4. Primary reinforcers (food) vs secondary reinforcers (money, grades)

Primary reinforcers (food) vs secondary reinforcers (money, grades)

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Positive reinforcement: adding pleasant stimulus (+R)
• Negative reinforcement: removing aversive stimulus (-R)
• Both reinforcement types INCREASE behavior
• Primary reinforcers (food) vs secondary reinforcers (money, grades)

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## Punishment

Part 3 of 7 — Punishment

1. Positive punishment

adding aversive stimulus (+P)

2. Negative punishment

removing pleasant stimulus (-P)

3. Both punishment types DECREASE behavior

Both punishment types DECREASE behavior

4. Punishment has limitations

suppresses but doesn't eliminate, can cause aggression

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Positive punishment: adding aversive stimulus (+P)
• Negative punishment: removing pleasant stimulus (-P)
• Both punishment types DECREASE behavior
• Punishment has limitations: suppresses but doesn't eliminate, can cause aggression

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## Schedules of Reinforcement

Part 4 of 7 — Schedules of Reinforcement

1. Continuous reinforcement

reinforce every response

2. Fixed-ratio (FR)

reinforce after set number of responses

3. Variable-ratio (VR)

reinforce after unpredictable number (gambling, most resistant to extinction)

4. Fixed-interval (FI) and Variable-interval (VI) schedules

Fixed-interval (FI) and Variable-interval (VI) schedules

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Continuous reinforcement: reinforce every response
• Fixed-ratio (FR): reinforce after set number of responses
• Variable-ratio (VR): reinforce after unpredictable number (gambling, most resistant to extinction)
• Fixed-interval (FI) and Variable-interval (VI) schedules

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## Shaping & Chaining

Part 5 of 7 — Shaping & Chaining

1. Shaping

reinforcing successive approximations

2. Used to teach complex behaviors

Used to teach complex behaviors

3. Token economy

secondary reinforcers exchangeable for primary

4. Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

treating autism

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### Key Points

• Shaping: reinforcing successive approximations
• Used to teach complex behaviors
• Token economy: secondary reinforcers exchangeable for primary
• Applied behavior analysis (ABA): treating autism

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## Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving Workshop

1. Classifying reinforcement and punishment scenarios

Classifying reinforcement and punishment scenarios

2. Identifying schedules of reinforcement

Identifying schedules of reinforcement

3. Comparing classical and operant conditioning

Comparing classical and operant conditioning

4. Designing behavior modification plans

Designing behavior modification plans

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### Key Points

• Classifying reinforcement and punishment scenarios
• Identifying schedules of reinforcement
• Comparing classical and operant conditioning
• Designing behavior modification plans

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## Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Operant = voluntary behavior

Operant = voluntary behavior

2. Classical = involuntary responses

Classical = involuntary responses

3. Cognitive maps (Tolman) and latent learning

Cognitive maps (Tolman) and latent learning

4. AP exam

reinforcement scenarios

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Operant = voluntary behavior
• Classical = involuntary responses
• Cognitive maps (Tolman) and latent learning
• AP exam: reinforcement scenarios

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