Motivation Theories

🧠 Motivation Theories

Part 1 of 7 — Introduction to Motivation

1. Motivation

need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

2. Instinct theory

innate behavioral patterns (limited in humans)

3. Incentive theory

external stimuli pull behavior

4. Multiple theories explain different aspects of motivation

Multiple theories explain different aspects of motivation

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### Key Points

• Motivation: need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
• Instinct theory: innate behavioral patterns (limited in humans)
• Incentive theory: external stimuli pull behavior
• Multiple theories explain different aspects of motivation

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## Drive Theory & Homeostasis

Part 2 of 7 — Drive Theory & Homeostasis

1. Drive-reduction theory

physiological needs create drives

2. Homeostasis

body maintains internal balance

3. Primary drives

hunger, thirst, sleep (biological)

4. Secondary drives

learned (money, achievement)

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### Key Points

• Drive-reduction theory: physiological needs create drives
• Homeostasis: body maintains internal balance
• Primary drives: hunger, thirst, sleep (biological)
• Secondary drives: learned (money, achievement)

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## Maslow's Hierarchy

Part 3 of 7 — Maslow's Hierarchy

1. Hierarchy of needs

physiological → safety → belonging → esteem → self-actualization

2. Lower needs must be met before higher needs

Lower needs must be met before higher needs

3. Self-actualization

achieving full potential

4. Criticisms

order not rigid, cultural differences

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### Key Points

• Hierarchy of needs: physiological → safety → belonging → esteem → self-actualization
• Lower needs must be met before higher needs
• Self-actualization: achieving full potential
• Criticisms: order not rigid, cultural differences

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## Achievement & Intrinsic Motivation

Part 4 of 7 — Achievement & Intrinsic Motivation

1. Intrinsic motivation

internal satisfaction

2. Extrinsic motivation

external rewards

3. Overjustification effect

extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation

4. Self-determination theory

autonomy, competence, relatedness

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### Key Points

• Intrinsic motivation: internal satisfaction
• Extrinsic motivation: external rewards
• Overjustification effect: extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation
• Self-determination theory: autonomy, competence, relatedness

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## Hunger & Eating

Part 5 of 7 — Hunger & Eating

1. Hypothalamus

hunger regulation (lateral = hunger, ventromedial = satiety)

2. Ghrelin

hunger hormone; Leptin: satiety hormone

3. Set point theory

body weight thermostat

4. Eating disorders

anorexia, bulimia, binge-eating disorder

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### Key Points

• Hypothalamus: hunger regulation (lateral = hunger, ventromedial = satiety)
• Ghrelin: hunger hormone; Leptin: satiety hormone
• Set point theory: body weight thermostat
• Eating disorders: anorexia, bulimia, binge-eating disorder

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## Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving Workshop

1. Applying motivation theories to scenarios

Applying motivation theories to scenarios

2. Analyzing intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation

Analyzing intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation

3. Evaluating hunger regulation mechanisms

Evaluating hunger regulation mechanisms

4. Designing motivation interventions

Designing motivation interventions

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### Key Points

• Applying motivation theories to scenarios
• Analyzing intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation
• Evaluating hunger regulation mechanisms
• Designing motivation interventions

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## Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. No single theory explains all motivation

No single theory explains all motivation

2. Biology and psychology both contribute

Biology and psychology both contribute

3. Motivation connects to emotion and personality

Motivation connects to emotion and personality

4. AP exam

motivation theory applications

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### Key Points

• No single theory explains all motivation
• Biology and psychology both contribute
• Motivation connects to emotion and personality
• AP exam: motivation theory applications

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