Memory Encoding & Storage

🧠 Memory: Encoding & Storage

Part 1 of 7 — Memory Models

1. Atkinson-Shiffrin model

sensory → short-term → long-term

2. Working memory model (Baddeley)

central executive + subsystems

3. Encoding → Storage → Retrieval

Encoding → Storage → Retrieval

4. Memory is constructive, not like a video recording

Memory is constructive, not like a video recording

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### Key Points

• Atkinson-Shiffrin model: sensory → short-term → long-term
• Working memory model (Baddeley): central executive + subsystems
• Encoding → Storage → Retrieval
• Memory is constructive, not like a video recording

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## Encoding Processes

Part 2 of 7 — Encoding Processes

1. Automatic processing

unconscious encoding (time, space, frequency)

2. Effortful processing

requires attention and rehearsal

3. Levels of processing (Craik & Lockhart)

deeper = better

4. Semantic encoding is most effective for long-term memory

Semantic encoding is most effective for long-term memory

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Automatic processing: unconscious encoding (time, space, frequency)
• Effortful processing: requires attention and rehearsal
• Levels of processing (Craik & Lockhart): deeper = better
• Semantic encoding is most effective for long-term memory

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## Sensory & Short-Term Memory

Part 3 of 7 — Sensory & Short-Term Memory

1. Sensory memory

brief (~0.5s visual, ~3-4s auditory)

2. Iconic memory (visual) and echoic memory (auditory)

Iconic memory (visual) and echoic memory (auditory)

3. Short-term memory

7±2 items, ~20 seconds without rehearsal

4. Chunking

grouping items to expand capacity

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Sensory memory: brief (~0.5s visual, ~3-4s auditory)
• Iconic memory (visual) and echoic memory (auditory)
• Short-term memory: 7±2 items, ~20 seconds without rehearsal
• Chunking: grouping items to expand capacity

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## Long-Term Memory Types

Part 4 of 7 — Long-Term Memory Types

1. Explicit (declarative)

conscious recall

2. Episodic

personal events (what you had for breakfast)

3. Semantic

general knowledge (the capital of France)

4. Implicit (nondeclarative)

procedural memory, conditioning

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Explicit (declarative): conscious recall
• Episodic: personal events (what you had for breakfast)
• Semantic: general knowledge (the capital of France)
• Implicit (nondeclarative): procedural memory, conditioning

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## Memory Storage

Part 5 of 7 — Memory Storage

1. Hippocampus

converts short-term to long-term memory

2. Amygdala

emotional memories

3. Cerebellum

procedural/motor memory

4. Long-term potentiation (LTP)

neural basis of memory

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Hippocampus: converts short-term to long-term memory
• Amygdala: emotional memories
• Cerebellum: procedural/motor memory
• Long-term potentiation (LTP): neural basis of memory

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## Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving Workshop

1. Identifying memory types from scenarios

Identifying memory types from scenarios

2. Applying encoding strategies

Applying encoding strategies

3. Analyzing amnesia cases

Analyzing amnesia cases

4. Designing memory improvement experiments

Designing memory improvement experiments

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Identifying memory types from scenarios
• Applying encoding strategies
• Analyzing amnesia cases
• Designing memory improvement experiments

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## Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Memory is constructive and fallible

Memory is constructive and fallible

2. Multiple memory systems in the brain

Multiple memory systems in the brain

3. Encoding strategies for studying

Encoding strategies for studying

4. AP exam

memory model applications

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Memory is constructive and fallible
• Multiple memory systems in the brain
• Encoding strategies for studying
• AP exam: memory model applications

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