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Functional groups, stereochemistry, substitution/elimination, carbonyl chemistry, and spectroscopy
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Key functional groups to know:
A chiral center has four different substituents. Assign R/S using Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules.
| Reaction | Steps |
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Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and derivatives
| Favored By |
|---|
| SN1 | 2 (carbocation) | 3° substrate, polar protic solvent |
| SN2 | 1 (backside attack) | 1° substrate, strong nucleophile |
| E1 | 2 (carbocation) | 3° substrate, heat |
| E2 | 1 (anti-periplanar) | Strong base, heat |