CARS Logical Reasoning

Argument Structure

Arguments have premises (evidence) and conclusions (claims). Identify both.

Strengthening & Weakening

• Strengthen: Evidence that supports the conclusion or fills a gap
• Weaken: Evidence that undermines a premise or provides a counterexample
• The answer must address the specific connection between evidence and conclusion

Assumptions

An assumption is an unstated premise the argument relies on.

• Test by negation: If negating the choice destroys the argument, it's a necessary assumption

Common Fallacies

• Ad hominem: Attacking the person, not the argument
• Straw man: Misrepresenting an opponent's position
• False dichotomy: Only two options when more exist
• Appeal to authority: Citing authority rather than evidence