Language & Intelligence

🧠 Language & Intelligence

Part 1 of 7 — Language Structure & Development

1. Phonemes

basic sound units (~40 in English)

2. Morphemes

smallest meaningful units (prefixes, suffixes, words)

3. Syntax

rules for combining words into sentences (grammar)

4. Language milestones

babbling (4mo), first words (12mo), two-word stage (24mo)

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### Key Points

• Phonemes: basic sound units (~40 in English)
• Morphemes: smallest meaningful units (prefixes, suffixes, words)
• Syntax: rules for combining words into sentences (grammar)
• Language milestones: babbling (4mo), first words (12mo), two-word stage (24mo)

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## Language Theories

Part 2 of 7 — Language Theories

1. Chomsky

language acquisition device (LAD), universal grammar

2. Skinner

language learned through operant conditioning

3. Critical period

language learned most easily before puberty

4. Whorf's linguistic relativity

language shapes thought

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### Key Points

• Chomsky: language acquisition device (LAD), universal grammar
• Skinner: language learned through operant conditioning
• Critical period: language learned most easily before puberty
• Whorf's linguistic relativity: language shapes thought

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## Intelligence Theories

Part 3 of 7 — Intelligence Theories

1. Spearman's g

general intelligence factor

2. Gardner's multiple intelligences

8 types (linguistic, musical, spatial, etc.)

3. Sternberg's triarchic

analytical, creative, practical

4. Emotional intelligence (Goleman)

perceiving, using, managing emotions

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Spearman's g: general intelligence factor
• Gardner's multiple intelligences: 8 types (linguistic, musical, spatial, etc.)
• Sternberg's triarchic: analytical, creative, practical
• Emotional intelligence (Goleman): perceiving, using, managing emotions

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## Intelligence Testing

Part 4 of 7 — Intelligence Testing

1. Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests (IQ tests)

Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests (IQ tests)

2. IQ = (mental age / chronological age) × 100 (original formula)

IQ = (mental age / chronological age) × 100 (original formula)

3. Normal distribution

mean = 100, SD = 15

4. Reliability and validity of intelligence tests

Reliability and validity of intelligence tests

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests (IQ tests)
• IQ = (mental age / chronological age) × 100 (original formula)
• Normal distribution: mean = 100, SD = 15
• Reliability and validity of intelligence tests

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## Intelligence Controversies

Part 5 of 7 — Intelligence Controversies

1. Nature vs nurture in intelligence

Nature vs nurture in intelligence

2. Flynn effect

IQ scores rising over generations

3. Stereotype threat

awareness of stereotypes impairs performance

4. Cultural bias in testing

test items may favor certain groups

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Nature vs nurture in intelligence
• Flynn effect: IQ scores rising over generations
• Stereotype threat: awareness of stereotypes impairs performance
• Cultural bias in testing: test items may favor certain groups

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## Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving Workshop

1. Analyzing intelligence test data

Analyzing intelligence test data

2. Evaluating multiple intelligence theories

Evaluating multiple intelligence theories

3. Identifying language development stages

Identifying language development stages

4. Applying linguistic relativity

Applying linguistic relativity

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### Key Points

• Analyzing intelligence test data
• Evaluating multiple intelligence theories
• Identifying language development stages
• Applying linguistic relativity

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## Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Intelligence is complex and multifaceted

Intelligence is complex and multifaceted

2. Language and thought are interconnected

Language and thought are interconnected

3. Testing must be reliable, valid, and standardized

Testing must be reliable, valid, and standardized

4. AP exam

theory comparison questions

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### Key Points

• Intelligence is complex and multifaceted
• Language and thought are interconnected
• Testing must be reliable, valid, and standardized
• AP exam: theory comparison questions

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