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Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
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Cellular respiration: Process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP
Overall equation:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ~32 ATP
Three main stages:
Location: Cytoplasm
Process:
Energy yield:
Steps:
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| Section | Format | Questions | Time | Weight | Calculator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Choice | MCQ | 60 | 90 min | 50% | 🚫 |
| Free Response (Long) | FRQ | 2 | 50 min | 30% | 🚫 |
| Free Response (Short) | FRQ | 4 | 40 min | 20% | 🚫 |
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Location: Mitochondrial matrix
Before Krebs:
Process:
Energy yield (per glucose = 2 turns):
Two parts:
Location: Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)
Process:
Protein complexes:
Final electron acceptor: O₂ → H₂O
Process:
From one glucose:
Total: ~32 ATP (varies by cell type)
When O₂ unavailable:
Lactic acid fermentation:
Alcohol fermentation:
Energy yield: Only 2 ATP (from glycolysis)