The Brain & Nervous System

🧠 The Brain & Nervous System

Part 1 of 7 — Neurons & Neural Communication

1. Neurons

cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, myelin sheath

2. Action potential

all-or-none electrical signal

3. Synapse

gap between neurons

4. Resting potential

-70mV inside the neuron

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Neurons: cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, myelin sheath
• Action potential: all-or-none electrical signal
• Synapse: gap between neurons
• Resting potential: -70mV inside the neuron

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## Neurotransmitters

Part 2 of 7 — Neurotransmitters

1. Acetylcholine

muscle movement, memory

2. Dopamine

pleasure, reward, movement (deficiency → Parkinson's)

3. Serotonin

mood, sleep, appetite (deficiency → depression)

4. GABA

inhibitory; Glutamate: excitatory

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Acetylcholine: muscle movement, memory
• Dopamine: pleasure, reward, movement (deficiency → Parkinson's)
• Serotonin: mood, sleep, appetite (deficiency → depression)
• GABA: inhibitory; Glutamate: excitatory

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## The Nervous System

Part 3 of 7 — The Nervous System

1. Central NS

brain + spinal cord

2. Peripheral NS

somatic (voluntary) + autonomic (involuntary)

3. Sympathetic

fight-or-flight

4. Parasympathetic

rest-and-digest

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Central NS: brain + spinal cord
• Peripheral NS: somatic (voluntary) + autonomic (involuntary)
• Sympathetic: fight-or-flight
• Parasympathetic: rest-and-digest

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## Brain Structure & Function

Part 4 of 7 — Brain Structure & Function

1. Brainstem

medulla (breathing), pons, reticular formation

2. Cerebellum

coordination and balance

3. Limbic system

amygdala (fear), hippocampus (memory), hypothalamus (homeostasis)

4. Cerebral cortex

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Brainstem: medulla (breathing), pons, reticular formation
• Cerebellum: coordination and balance
• Limbic system: amygdala (fear), hippocampus (memory), hypothalamus (homeostasis)
• Cerebral cortex: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes

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## Brain Imaging Techniques

Part 5 of 7 — Brain Imaging Techniques

1. fMRI

shows brain activity (blood flow)

2. EEG

measures electrical activity

3. CT/MRI

structural images

4. PET scan

metabolic activity using radioactive glucose

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• fMRI: shows brain activity (blood flow)
• EEG: measures electrical activity
• CT/MRI: structural images
• PET scan: metabolic activity using radioactive glucose

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## Problem-Solving Workshop

Part 6 of 7 — Problem-Solving Workshop

1. Identifying brain regions from symptoms

Identifying brain regions from symptoms

2. Matching neurotransmitters to functions

Matching neurotransmitters to functions

3. Analyzing brain imaging results

Analyzing brain imaging results

4. Predicting effects of brain damage

Predicting effects of brain damage

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Identifying brain regions from symptoms
• Matching neurotransmitters to functions
• Analyzing brain imaging results
• Predicting effects of brain damage

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## Synthesis & AP Review

Part 7 of 7 — Synthesis & AP Review

1. Brain plasticity and lateralization

Brain plasticity and lateralization

2. Split-brain research (Sperry)

Split-brain research (Sperry)

3. Phineas Gage case study

Phineas Gage case study

4. AP exam

brain structure identification

Concept Check 🎯

### Key Points

• Brain plasticity and lateralization
• Split-brain research (Sperry)
• Phineas Gage case study
• AP exam: brain structure identification

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